Dr. 'Lyn Anglin, founding president and CEO of Geoscience BC, takes a look at what happened at the Mount Polley copper and gold mine after its 2014 tailings accident
I've taken a look back over the progress that has been made by Mount
Polley in response to the well-known tailings spill, and in this post will be
sharing some facts and a perspective about the remediation work that they have
done on areas impacted by the incident.
My interest here is not merely as a geologist. One month after the spill
occurred, I accepted the newly created position of Chief Scientific Officer of
Imperial Metals, owner of the Mount Polley mine, so that I could employ my
professional skills in helping them assess the impacts of the spill and provide
advice on their remediation and monitoring work. After almost five years of
work, I retired from the company and am now sharing my perspectives as a
private individual.
You might say I'm biased. I'm also a scientist, and I believe my
judgment on this issue can be trusted. As the fifth anniversary of the spill
approaches, I am concerned at a plethora of misinformation being shared in the
media, especially social media, about the tailings spill, the company’s
response, and the impacts of the event. There have been lots of suggestions
that the company suffered no consequences from this incident, and many have
implied that the company has done nothing in response to the event.
In my opinion, the company certainly did not “walk away” from the spill.
I bore witness to the expenditure of an estimated $70 million by the mine on
environmental impact studies, remediation work, and on-going monitoring of the
areas impacted by the spill.
Background on the incident:
The tailings dam failure at Mount Polley Mine took place on Aug. 4,
2014. It resulted in the loss of about 17 million cubic meters of water and 8
million cubic meters of tailings/materials into Polley Lake, Hazeltine Creek
and Quesnel Lake.
I’ll list just a few of the highlights of the remediation work
undertaken so far.
The mouth of Edney Creek (which is the main creek that flows into
Quesnel Lake from the Mount Polley area) was repaired and fish spawning habitat
rebuilt by February 2015. This was done as a priority to re-establish a
connection for spawning salmon between Quesnel Lake and the watershed that had
been damaged by the spill. Kokanee and interior Coho were observed using the
channel in fall 2015, showing that the approach the mine took to constructing
fish habitat was successful.
The 9 km Hazeltine Creek channel (which before the spill was a very
small creek that flowed into Edney Creek before it reached Quesnel Lake) was
completely rebuilt by May 2015 to control erosion, and this included removing
spilled tailings from the channel. The creek has essentially been running clear
since May 2015.
To date, well over 3 km of new trout spawning and rearing habitat has
been installed in upper to middle Hazeltine Creek and the work is continuing
this summer.
In May 2018, rainbow trout from Polley Lake were allowed back into the
rebuilt upper Hazeltine Creek area. Fish biologists estimated that several
thousand rainbow trout spawners used the new fish habitat, and in July of 2018,
spawning surveys observed over 18,000 rainbow trout in the upper Hazeltine
Creek, with the majority being young-of-year (ie. born from the 2018
spawn).
To ensure the success of the 2018 trout spawn, the company also built a
rainbow trout hatchery on-site. Eggs were harvested from Polley Lake rainbow
trout in the spring, raised in the hatchery -- on September 25-26, 2018 the
mine released over 11,000 hatchery-raised rainbow trout fry into Polley Lake.
The fry were released with the assistance of students, parents and a
teacher from Columneetza Middle School’s Greenologists / Enviro Club based in
Williams Lake. This year, lots of rainbow trout were once again observed
using upper Hazeltine Creek for spawning and rearing.
The company, often working with its partners
from the T’exelcemc (Williams Lake Band people) and the Xat’sull First Nation
(Soda Creek Indian Band), members of the Secwepemc Nation (Shuswap people),
have done an enormous amount of work on remediating the Hazeltine Creek
corridor. Almost all of the tailings have been removed and returned to the
tailing’s facility. Native soil has been added where possible, and lots of
organic material has been added to help rebuild the nutrients in the soil to
support revegetation.
A planting crew from the Xat'sull First
Nation did a major job collecting willow cuttings in the winter of 2014-15, and
then returned in the spring of 2015 to plant them as wattles and stakes in the
lower Hazeltine Creek floodplain. This was done to provide erosion control and
new native vegetation along the creek banks. These willows are now well over 2
metres tall and are still growing rapidly.
Lots of other planting crews have also done
work on the creek. Over 500,000 native plants, shrubs and trees have been
planted to date, many of the seedlings having been raised in local nurseries
from seeds collected on site. Some of the native species planted include (in
addition to the willows) prickly rose, black twinberry, red osier dogwood,
Sitka alder, and Douglas fir. And lots more planting is planned.
To the untrained eye,
photos of the remediation may look like a random mess of broken and damaged
trees strewn about on either side of Hazeltine Creek. What they do not realize
is that all this woody material was carefully collected by Mount Polley’s
remediation team, set aside until the tailings had been removed and the creek
had been reconstructed, and then meticulously placed to help reduce erosion,
add organic material and provide habitat for birds, small mammals and other
animals. In fact, some of the trees were carefully installed upside down, so
that the root balls were elevated, forming perching and roosting platforms for
birds.
Wildlife sightings are
recorded by the environmental team at the mine and there is no shortage of
wildlife on the site. Some of the most commonly observed species include black
bear, mule deer and moose, with regular sightings of bald eagle, coyote and
lynx. Red tailed hawk, Sandhill cranes, swans, grouse, and many other bird
species are also routinely observed, and western toad are very
common.
All indications are that the areas impacted by the Mount Polley spill
are recovering well. It will no doubt take many, many years until the trees
have grown to maturity, but for the forest and riparian areas along Hazeltine Creek that were impacted by the event, and
the creek itself, the road to recovery appears to be well underway.
As for the tailings that ended up at the bottom of Quesnel Lake, all the
geochemical studies, and the sediment, water and benthic species monitoring,
have indicated that the tailings are both physically and chemically stable, and
are not releasing metals to the lake water.
All water and fish consumption restrictions outside the area of
immediate impact (the mouth of Hazeltine Creek) were removed from Quesnel Lake
and Quesnel River by Interior Health in August of 2014, within a week or so of
the spill.
The last restrictions were removed from the area of immediate impact in
July of 2015, and there have been no restrictions or notices of concern from
Interior Health about the water quality of Quesnel Lake related to Mount Polley
since that time. So, it would appear that the best course of action for
the tailings at the bottom of the lake is to leave them there, undisturbed, and
let natural lake sediment accumulate on top of them.
This recommendation is supported by numerous studies of fish and
sensitive aquatic organism health in Quesnel Lake, which to date have indicated
no metal-related toxicity from the spilled tailings, and no mortality of
resident fish in Quesnel Lake (lake trout, rainbow trout, kokanee and burbot)
was determined to be associated with the spill.
In addition, the Provincial government increased the lake trout quota
for Quesnel Lake in 2017 (the quota had been reduced long before the spill),
and the salmon return four years after the spill (ie the fish that would have
been fry in Quesnel lake the year of the spill) was a very strong one. (See
2018 BC Local News article: headline “Sockeye
–Salmon Return in Droves to Quesnel Lake Watershed”.
Quesnel Lake continues to be a very popular lake for anglers, with
numerous fishing derbies held in Likely and at various fishing lodges around
the lake every summer.
While this tailings spill incident was very unfortunate, and significant
in terms of sheer size, the environmental impacts have fortunately not been as
dire as many had feared. The chemical impacts have been very low due to the
geochemical stability of the Mount Polley tailings.
And while the physical impact to a 9 km long small creek was profound,
and it will take years before the creek valley has completely regrown, it is
good to put this into some context. The land area impacted along Hazeltine
Creek was a narrow, linear corridor, less than 3 square kilometres in total.
This is undoubtedly much less than the surface disturbance associated with 9 km
of the Trans Canada Highway in Vancouver (not to mention all the development on
either side of the highway!).
The Mount Polley mine has spent the last five years, and many millions
of dollars rebuilding and replanting three square kilometres of land in this
narrow creek corridor, and installing several kilometres of fish habitat in the
rebuilt creek. This work is continuing with more planting, and more
installation of new fish habitat this summer.
Most of this remediation work was done by local employees and
contractors, and the mine’s First Nations partners, all of whom who put in many
long, hard days, to fix what had happened.
I think it is time that this is recognized and celebrated. The company
responsible did not just “walk away” from the tailings spill, rather they put
their heart and soul into doing their best to “make it right”, and all the
evidence shows that they have succeeded in putting the creek and the lake on a
positive path to recovery.
Dr.
Anglin was recruited by Imperial Metals (owner of the Mount Polley Mine) after
the tailings spill to help with research related to the environmental impacts
of the incident and remediation of the impacted areas. She was their Chief
Scientific Officer from September 2014 to December 2018 when she retired. She
continues to do some consulting work for the company.
Prior to joining Imperial
Metals, Dr. Anglin was President and CEO of Geoscience BC, a non-profit
geoscience research organization. She has a Ph.D. in geology and is
registered as a Professional Geologist (P.Geo.) with the Engineers and
Geoscientists of BC. This article reflects her own personal reviews and
experience and has not been reviewed or endorsed by Imperial Metals.
In April
2014, Dr. Anglin joined the Resource Works Society as Advisory Council Chair.
Her contribution toward broader resource understanding was recognized in April
2019 when she received an award from Resource Works. She is shown with
executive director Stewart Muir (left) and board chair John Turner.
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